CPM 9V is a marvel of modern metallurgy, crafted meticulously through the Crucible Particle Metallurgy process. It is a tailored variation of CPM 10V, featuring a refined composition with reduced carbon and vanadium levels. This enhancement significantly boosts toughness and heat check resistance. As a result, CPM 9V excels in demanding applications where conventional high carbon, high chromium tool steels, such as CPM 10V or high-speed steels, fall short in terms of toughness or heat check resistance. Additionally, it outperforms lower alloy and hot work tool steels by offering superior wear resistance. The CPM process ensures an exceptionally homogenous, high-quality steel, distinguished by its superior dimensional stability, grindability, and toughness, setting it apart from steels produced via traditional methods.
Typical Applications:
Forming Rolls
Punches
Rolling Mill Rolls
Dies
Header Tooling
Slitter Knives
Extrusion Tooling
Shear Blades
Pelletizer Blades
Granulator Blades
Plasticizing Components: Non-return Valves and Screws
Chemical Composition:
Physical Properties:
Elastic Modulus32 X 10^6 psi
(221 GPa)
Density0.269 lbs./in^3
(7.455 g/cm^3)
Thermal Conductivity
BTU/hr-ft-°FW/m-°Kcal/cm-s-°C
72°F (22°C)
11.83
20.48
4.89 X 10^-2
212°F (100°C)
12.48
21.60
5.16 X 10^-2
392°F (200°C)
13.35
23.10
5.52 X 10^-2
572°F (300°C)
14.59
25.25
6.03 X 10^-2
932°F (500°C)
14.91
25.81
6.16 X 10^-2
1004°F (540°C)
15.07
26.08
6.23 X 10^-2
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
°F°Cin/in/°Fm/m/°C
70 - 200
(20 - 90)
6.15 X 10^-6
(11.07 X 10^-6)
Operating Temperature Range: 70 - 400°F
Operating Temperature Range (Celsius): 20 - 200°C
Thermal Expansion Coefficient: 6.21X10
Thermal Expansion Coefficient (Celsius): 11.18X10
Extended Temperature Range: 70 - 800°F
Extended Temperature Range (Celsius): 20 - 430°C
Thermal Expansion Coefficient: 6.45X10
Thermal Expansion Coefficient (Celsius): 11.61X10
High-Temperature Limit: 70 -1200°F
High-Temperature Limit (Celsius): 20 - 650°C
Thermal Expansion Coefficient: 6.59X10
Thermal Expansion Coefficient (Celsius): 11.86X10
Thermal Treatments:
Critical Temperature: 1590°F (865°C). Forging: 2000-2100°F (1095-1150°C). Do not forge below 1700°F (930°C). Slow Cool. Annealing: Heat to 1650°F (900°C), hold for 2 hours, then slow cool no faster than 30°F (15°C) per hour to 1000°F (540°C). Finish with furnace cooling or still air cooling to room temperature. Final Annealed Hardness: BHN 223-255.
Hardness: Approx. BHN 223-255
Stress Relieving Annealed PartsHeat to 1100-1300°F (595-700°C), hold for 2 hours, then furnace cool or cool in still air.
Stress Relieving Hardened Parts
Heat to 25-30°F (15°C) below original tempering temperature, hold for 2 hours, then furnace cool or cool in still air. For straightening, heat to 400-800°F (200-430°C).
Hardening Preheat
Initial heating to 1550-1600°F (845-870°C) to equalize. Suggest a second pre-heat stage at 1850-1900°F (1010-1040°C) for vacuum or atmosphere hardening.
Austenitize:
Heat between 1850-2150°F (1025-1175°C), with a hold time of 30-45 minutes at target temperature.
Quenching
Air or positive pressure quench (minimum 2 bar) to below 125°F (50°C), or use salt or interrupted oil quench to approx. 1000°F (540°C), followed by air cooling to below 125°F (50°C). Salt bath treatments ensure maximum toughness. Quenching rates from 1850-1300°F (1010-705°C) are crucial for optimal heat treatment response.
Tempering
Double temper at a minimum of 1000°F (540°C) for at least 2 hours each cycle. (Refer to table for details)
Size Change: +0.01%
Recommended Heat Treatment
For an optimal blend of toughness and wear resistance, austenitize at 2050°F (1120°C) for 30-45 minutes, then quench. Follow by tempering 3 times at 1025°F (550°C).
Target Hardness: 54-56 HRC.
Using higher austenitizing temperatures can increase hardness, although it may slightly reduce impact resistance. Lower austenitizing temperatures offer superior impact toughness.
Surface Treatments: Due to its high tempering temperatures (>1000°F), CPM 9V steel is ideal for nitriding, PVD coating, or similar treatments. Note that CVD coating processes may exceed the critical temperature, causing unpredictable dimensional changes.
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