CPM 9V, crafted through the advanced Crucible Particle Metallurgy process, boasts a refined composition—a delicate balance of CPM 10V with reduced carbon and vanadium for superior toughness and resistance to heat checks. These enhancements make CPM 9V a stellar choice for challenging applications where traditional high carbon, high chromium tool steels fall short, including CPM 10V or high-speed steels that lack the necessary toughness, or where lower alloy and hot work tool steels fail in wear resistance. The CPM process ensures exceptionally homogeneous, high-quality steel, offering unmatched dimensional stability, grindability, and toughness compared to conventional steel-making methods.
Typical Applications:
Forming Rolls
Punches
Rolling Mill Rolls
Dies
Header Tooling
Slitter Knives
Extrusion Tooling
Shear Blades
Pelletizer Blades
Granulator Blades
Plasticizing Components: Non-return Valves and Screws
Chemical Composition:
Physical Properties:
Elastic Modulus32 X 10 psi
(221 GPa)
Density0.269 lbs./in³
(7.455 g/cm³)
Thermal Conductivity
BTU/hr-ft-°FW/m-°Kcal/cm-s-°C
72°F / 22°C
11.83
20.48
4.89 X 10²
212°F / 100°C
12.48
21.60
5.16 X 10²
392°F / 200°C
13.35
23.10
5.52 X 10²
572°F / 300°C
14.59
25.25
6.03 X 10²
932°F / 500°C
14.91
25.81
6.16 X 10²
1004°F / 540°C
15.07
26.08
6.23 X 10²
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
°F°Cin/in/°Fm/m/°C
70 - 200
(20 - 90)
6.15 X 10
Thermal Expansion Coefficient: (11.07X10-6)
Temperature Range: 70 - 400 °F
Thermal Conductivity: (20 - 200) W/m·K
Thermal Expansion Coefficient: 6.21X10-6
Thermal Expansion Coefficient: (11.18X10-6)
Temperature Range: 70 - 800 °F
Thermal Conductivity: (20 - 430) W/m·K
Thermal Expansion Coefficient: 6.45X10-6
Thermal Expansion Coefficient: (11.61X10-6)
Temperature Range: 70 -1200 °F
Thermal Conductivity: (20 - 650) W/m·K
Thermal Expansion Coefficient: 6.59X10-6
Thermal Expansion Coefficient: (11.86X10-6)
Thermal Treatments Guide:
Critical Temperature: 1590°F (865°C). Forging: 2000-2100°F (1095-1150°C). It is crucial to avoid forging below 1700°F (930°C) and to ensure a slow cooling process. Annealing: Heat to 1650°F (900°C), maintain for 2 hours, and cool slowly at a rate no faster than 30°F (15°C) per hour down to 1000°F (540°C), then either furnace cool or cool in still air to room temperature. This results in an annealed structure.
Hardness: Approximately BHN 223-255
Stress Relieving Annealed Parts:Heat to 1100-1300°F (595-700°C), hold for 2 hours, then allow to cool either in the furnace or in still air.
Stress Relieving Hardened Parts:
Heat to 25-30°F (15°C) below the original tempering temperature, hold for 2 hours, then cool either in the furnace or in still air. For straightening, it is best to perform this operation when the material is warm, ideally between 400-800°F (200-430°C).
Hardening Preheat Stages:
First, heat to 1550-1600°F (845-870°C) and equalize. A second pre-heat stage at 1850-1900°F (1010-1040°C) is recommended for vacuum or atmosphere hardening.
Austenitizing:
Heat to 1850-2150°F (1025-1175°C), holding at temperature for 30-45 minutes.
Quenching:
Quench using air or positive pressure quenching (minimum 2 bar) until the material is below 125°F (50°C). Alternatively, use salt or interrupted oil quenching to about 1000°F (540°C) followed by air cooling to below 125°F (50°C). Utilizing a salt bath treatment, if feasible, will ensure the maximum attainable toughness for the chosen hardening treatment. For optimal heat treatment response, it is essential to manage the quench rate through the 1850-1300°F (1010-705°C) range carefully.
Tempering:
Temper the material twice at a minimum of 1000°F (540°C), holding for at least 2 hours each time. (Refer to the accompanying table for detailed guidelines)
Size Change on Tempering: +0.01%
Recommended Heat Treatment Procedures:
For an optimal balance of toughness and wear resistance, austenitize the 9V at 2050°F (1120°C), hold for 30-45 minutes, and quench. Then temper the material three times at 1025°F (550°C).
Target Hardness: Aim for a hardness of 54-56 HRC.
Using higher austenitizing temperatures can achieve higher hardness levels but may slightly reduce impact resistance. Conversely, lower austenitizing temperatures are recommended for optimal impact toughness.
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